- Describe in writing or with pictures how the early pioneers met the following basic living needs:
- Housing and furnishings
- Clothing
- Food
- Cooking
- Warmth and light
- Tools and handiwork
- Sanitation
- Transportation
- Construct a piece of useful furniture by lashing. Learn the following lashings:
- Square
- Diagonal
- Sheer
- Continuous
- Do one of the following:
- Weave a basket, using natural materials.
- Make a pair of leather moccasins.
- Make a lady’s bonnet by hand sewing.
- Make a simple toy used by the pioneers.
- Know how to make flour from at least one wild plant for use in baking.
- Build a fire without matches. Use natural fire building materials. Keep the fire going for five minutes. You may use the following to start your fire:
- Flint and steel
- Friction
- Electric spark
- Curved glass
- Metal match
- Compressed air
- Show axmanship knowledge in the following:
- Describe the best types of axes.
- Show how to sharpen an ax properly.
- Know and practice safety rules in the use of an ax.
- Know the proper way to use an ax.
- Properly cut in two a log at least eight inches thick.
- Properly split wood that is at least eight inches in diameter and one foot long.
- Do two of the following:
- Make a ten-foot rope from natural material or twine.
- Tie ten knots useful to the pioneer and tell how they were used.
- Using rope and natural materials, make one device for moving heavy objects.
- Contruct an adequate and comfortable latrine.
- Explain the need for proper sanitation relating to solid and human waste and the washing of body, clothes, and dishes.
- Assist in the construction of a ten-foot long log or rope bridge, using lashings.
- Know four ways to keep the wilderness beautiful.
- Do two of the following:
- Make a wax candle or other form of pioneer light source.
- Make a batch of soap.
- Milk a cow.
- Churn butter.
- Make a quill pen and write with it.
- Make a corn husk doll.
- Assist in making a quilt.
- Know five home remedies from wild plants and explain their uses.
- Do one of the following:
- Assist in constructing a raft, using lashings. Take a five-mile trip on a river with this raft.
- With an experienced wrangler, participate in a two-day, 15-mile horseback trip, carrying all needed supplies on a pack horse you have learned to pack.
- With an experienced leader, participate in a two-day, 15-mile canoe trip, carrying all needed supplies properly. A short portage should be done.
- With an experienced leader, participate in a two-day, 15-mile backpack trip, carrying all needed supplies.
Pionerer
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